TITLE:   Revise for Geography GCSE (AQA specification A)

AUTHORS:   Ann Bowen & John Pallister

PUBLISHERS:   Heinemann

ISBN:    0-435-09991-4

Available from:-

www.heinemann.co.uk

Or on AMAZON new and used section for as little as £2.36.

Click on the link below……

http://www.amazon.co.uk/Revise-Geography-GCSE-AQA-Specification/dp/0435099914/ref=pd_bbs_sr_1?ie=UTF8&s=gateway&qid=1202455520&sr=8-1

 

What are they?

TNCs are large multinational companies with bases in several different countries.  For example…. BP (British Petroleum has it’s HQ in the UK, but has other bases around the worlds’ oilfields).

TNCs always have their HQs in MEDCs but place their factories in LEDCs where wages and production costs are lower.

What are the advantages of TNCs?

• bring capital, modern technology and skills into an LEDC.
• the infrastructure of an LEDC is improved.  E.g. better roads are built, and electricity networks are established by TNCs.
• the LEDC starts to increase it’s exports and the country starts to gain some capital (gets richer).
• the multiplier effect (jobs start to be created that supply parts etc. for the TNC industries).  This again produces more jobs and wealth for the LEDC.

What are the disadvantages of TNCs?

• TNCs omly pay low wages, and most profits made are taken out of the LEDCs to the company HQ in the  MEDCs.
• If the TNC business starts to fail,  TNCs just shut down their business in the LEDC and leave.
• Workers have to work with lower Health and Safety Standards than in MEDCs.
• TNCs greate lots of environmental problems. E.g. Pollution, because there may be no such controls in LEDCs.

 

What is an NIC?

A  NIC is a Newly Industrializing Country.  This means that it has developed from an LEDC and is on it’s way to becoming an MEDC.

Remember…. LEDCs have mainly Primary industry(Farming to stay alive), and MEDCs are mainly Tertiary with some Secondary(manufacturing).  NICs are in between!

Examples of NICs are South Korea, India, China, Taiwan, Malaysia and Hong Kong.   Most NICs are located in East Asia.

What are the advantages of East Asia for Industrial Growth?

1. They have lots of cheap labour.  Wages are low compared to the rest of the world.  Asian workers are reliable and willing to work long hours.
2. Transport is important, most places are very accessible to the major world shipping lanes, and sea transport is a very cheap form of transport.
3. NIC Governments have encouraged MEDC investment in order to kick start their industries.
4. The Market is also important, as over half the world’s population lives in East Asia, so there is a ready market nearby to whom they can sell their products.

What do NIC Industries produce?

A wide range of products: Steel, ships, electrical goods, electronics and computers.

• Read and make notes on your chosen section of work.
• Convert written work into drawings/cartoons.
• Convert drawings/diagrams into written descriptions.
• Read an explanation or description, then cover it up and try to write it out, check it when you have finished.
• Do the same, but say/hear it in your head.Doing this pacing around works for me.
• Do the same but see it in your head.
• Convert what you know into a Bubble diagram or mind-map,check later to see what you have missed
• Revise a question, then set your self a time limit to answer it.  Check later.
• Whichever of these ideas you decide to do.  Just do something
• Something is better than nothing.

Remember only do 20 minutes at a time…. but don’t just read through your work/notes/textbook.  Read and do one or 2 of the ideas above !

 After 20 minutes – have a 5-10 break, then browse through the work that you did.  Do the same 1 hour later, 1 day later, 1 week later…..it works.

Practice makes Perfect.

This is my gift – free, to you.

SMH.

P.S. The only problem is…. you have lots of 20 minute chunks of work in Geography to go through.   Make a start now for your exams now and in the summer. Enjoy.

Alternatively…. look at this slideshow->

[slideshare id=45935&doc=how-to-revise-19798&w=425]